Everything about The Battle Of Sipe-sipe totally explained
The
Battle of Sipe-Sipe was an important battle in the
South American wars of independence in which the
United Provinces of Río de la Plata (the insurgents in the old Spanish
viceroyalty of the same name) were decisively defeated by Spanish royalist forces in Alto Perú (now
Bolivia). The battle took place on
November 29,
1815, and resulted in the loss of Alto Perú by the insurgents. The area was reannexed by the Spanish
Viceroyalty of Peru.
The insurgent Army of the North had been under the command of
José de San Martín, but for health reasons he asked to be relieved. He was replaced by
José Rondeau. At the time of the third campaign by the insurgents in Alto Perú (the first two had been defeats), General
Carlos María de Alvear was named by Supreme Director
Ignacio Álvarez Thomas to replace Rondeau. However Rondeau's officers revolted, and communicated to him that they'd obey only his orders. Rondeau, now in revolt himself, accepted the officers' proposal and ordered the attack.
General
Martín Miguel de Güemes, a rival of Rondeau, withdrew the support of his
Gauchos and retired to
Salta, taking with him the part of the army that was in
Jujuy.
In his march to
Cochabamba, Rondeau camped in the pampas of
Sipe-Sipe, near the city of the same name. There on
November 28,
1815 his forces were met by the Royalist forces from Peru under Brigadier
Joaquín de la Pezuela. Rondeau had 3,000 to 3,500 men and nine pieces of artillery; Pezuela commanded 5,100 men and 23 artillery pieces.
The result of the battle the next day was the most serious defeat of the insurgent army since the
Battle of Huaqui in 1811. The insurgents' losses were estimated at 2,000 men and all of their artillery. With this defeat, the province of Alto Perú was finally lost to the Argentine insurgents. Spanish control was reestablished, and in South America only Buenos Aires remained in rebellion.
For his success, in 1816 Pezuela was named interim viceroy of Peru by royal order dated
October 15,
1815. The following year he was also promoted to lieutenant general and given the title
marqués de Viluma. Rondeau was removed from his command in 1816. He returned to Buenos Aires.
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